Nota Técnica: Tecnologías para la obtención de bioplásticos a partir de diferentes materias primas Recibido: /octubre 2019; Aceptado: /diciembre 2019
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Los bioplásticos son materiales que poseen las propiedades funcionales de los plásticos, en cuanto a dureza, resistencia, ligereza, durabilidad, capacidad de ser aislantes térmicos y eléctricos, entre otros. Son producidos, a partir, de fuentes naturales y/o renovables e incluso pueden ser biodegradados y/o compostados. Surgen principalmente como una necesidad, dada la resistencia a la degradación natural que tienen los plásticos provenientes de fuentes petroquímicas, ocasionando una creciente contaminación ambiental, que afecta tanto los ecosistemas terrestres como marítimos. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir los procesos de producción de bioplásticos a partir de diferentes materias primas, realizando un análisis bibliométrico y patentométrico de artículos científicos y patentes obtenidas en las plataformas PatentInspiration, The Lens, ScienceDirect y PubAg. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que las tendencias tecnológicas no se centran en la obtención de biopolímeros, sino en la manufactura de los bioplásticos a partir de los biopolímeros sintetizados. De acuerdo a lo observado, los países que se encuentran en la vanguardia de registro y solicitudes de patentes para el lapso de estudio (2009 - junio 2019) son las naciones emergentes, China e India. Este comportamiento no se mantiene para las publicaciones científicas.
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