Actividad antiviral contra el SARS-CoV-2 empleando extractos de Ficus carica y Plectranthus amboinicus
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El SARS-CoV-2 es el responsable de la enfermedad COVID-19, que ha causado más de 765 millones de casos y 6,9 millones de muertes en todo el mundo. Hasta la fecha no se ha desarrollado un tratamiento específico. Una estrategia para diseñar medicamentos antivirales específicos contra el SARS-CoV-2 es inhibir enzimas claves implicadas en el ciclo viral, como las proteasas 3CLpro y PLpro. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad de extractos seleccionados de las plantas de la higuera (Ficus carica) y el orégano orejón (Plectranthus amboinicus) para inhibir la infección de SARS-CoV-2 en células Vero E6. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de la higuera inhibieron significativamente la replicación viral al reducir el número de copias virales determinadas mediante qRT-PCR y disminución en las unidades formadoras de placas mediante ensayos de reducción de placas líticas, mientras que los extractos de orégano orejón no mostraron una inhibición significativa en estos ensayos. Además, se evaluó el potencial viricida de los extractos de la higuera cuyos resultados sugieren que estos extractos podrían interactuar con la glicoproteína de la espiga evitando su internalización a la célula. En conclusión, los extractos de F. carica tienen considerable actividad antiviral, pudiendo ser consecuencia de la afectación de diferentes etapas del ciclo de replicación, lo que sugiere su potencial como fuente de compuestos antivirales contra el SARS-CoV-2.
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