Vigilancia ambiental de SARS-CoV-2 en Caracas mediante epidemiología de aguas residuales
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Abstract
En marzo del 2020 la OMS declaró la pandemia por COVID-19, enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. En diversos países se ha implementado la epidemiología de aguas residuales para la vigilancia ambiental del virus en las comunidades. El ARN del SARS-CoV-2 se excreta a través de las heces, saliva y el esputo, fluidos que son eliminados a través de sistemas de aguas residuales, y su detección y cuantificación se relaciona con los casos activos de la COVID-19. En tal sentido, el objetivo fue detectar la presencia de este virus en aguas residuales en diferentes parroquias de Caracas y determinar patrones de prevalencia. Se realizó la concentración del ARN viral, extracción y posterior RT-qPCR dirigida a los genes N1 y ORF1ab. Del total de muestras recolectadas, el 88,5 % fueron positivas. Aquellas parroquias con mayor densidad poblacional también mostraron mayores concentraciones de SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales. Asimismo, se encontró correlación entre los casos de COVID-19 reportados con la concentración viral en el agua. La aplicación de la epidemiología de aguas residuales, como una herramienta nueva en Venezuela aplicada a la vigilancia de SARS-CoV-2 en la Región Capital mostró ser de mucha utilidad como complemento de la vigilancia epidemiológica del virus.
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