Materiales geopoliméricos como sustituto ecológico para los concretos tradicionales Recibido: /abril, 2020. Aceptado: /julio, 2020.
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Abstract
En los últimos años se han desarrollado muchas investigaciones en torno a nuevos materiales de construcción que permitan buscar alternativas ecológicas al uso de cemento, implicando una menor huella de carbono. Una de las opciones más atractivas lo representan los geopolímeros, polímeros inorgánicos, constituidos por redes tridimensionales de enlaces del tipo siloxo, Si-O-SI (silicio-oxígeno) y enlaces sialato, Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Al (silicio-oxígeno-aluminio), los cuales se pueden obtener mediante la activación alcalina de materiales ricos en óxidos de aluminio y silicio, tales como caolín, el metacaolín, e incluso residuos industriales como las cenizas volantes y las cenizas de cascarilla de arroz entre otros, produciendo concretos libres de cemento, con características de resistencia superiores a la de concretos tradicionales, pero que presentan un menor impacto ambiental permitiendo a su vez la revalorización y disminución de pasivos ambientales. Este trabajo presenta una amplia revisión de la tecnología de los geopolímeros y sus aplicaciones con el objetivo de abrir las perspectivas para la investigación de estos materiales en el país. Palabras clave: geopolímeros; activación alcalina; concretos geopoliméricos.
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References
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